Quiet degassing of magma chambers of Hawaiian volcanoes and contributions from eruptions at flank vents (like the current eruption of Kilauea) add CO2 and SO2 to the atmosphere. However, the contributions from Kilauea are small compared to man-made sources. It would take 20,000 Kilauea volcanoes to equal man's output of CO2. It would take 65 Kilauea volcanoes to equal man's output of SO2.

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Steve Mattox, University of North Dakota

Loihi:
Gamo, T. and others, 1987, Methane anomalies in seawater above the Loihi submarine summit area, Hawaii: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, p. 2857-2864.

Igarashi, G., and others, 1986, Noble gases in hydrothermal plumes around the summit of Loihi seamount, Hawaii: Abstracts for Japan-U.S. Seminar on terrestrial Rare gases, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National park, 24-27.

Malahoff, A., 1986, Geology of the summit of Loihi submarine volcano: U.S. Geol. Survey. Professional Paper 1350. Chapter 6.

Sakai, H., and others, 1987, Hydrothermal plumes on the summit of Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Geochemical Journal, v. 21, p. 11-21.

General:
Gerlach, T.M., and Graeber, E.J., 1985, Volatile budget of Kilauea volcano: Nature, v. 313, p. 273-277.

Greenland, L.P, 1987, Hawaiian eruptive gases: U.S. Geol. Survey. Professional Paper 1350. Chapter 28.

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