Aerial view of Mount Pinatubo after the cataclysmic June 15, 1991. A joint team from the US Geological Survey and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) worked closely to assess hazards and monitor and predict eruptive activity at Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The accurate characterization of the hazards and timely warnings of eruptions led to the evacuation of approximately 56,000 people--including 14,500 U.S. servicemen and their dependents--from high-hazard areas near Mount Pinatubo days before the volcano's climactic eruption. Photo by E.W. Wolfe.

The 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo was the third largest volcanic eruption this century (after Santa Maria, Guatemala in 1902 and Novarupta, Alaska in 1912). Because it was so large - and it strongly effected both greenhouse warming and the ozone hole - there have been lots of scientific publications about it.

Chuck Wood

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