The lower magma production rate during the post-shield alkalic
stage decreases the thermal efficiency of the plumbing system
and eventually the main magma chamber solidifies due to the lack
of replenishment. This lack of a shallow magma chamber has a great
effect on the nature of eruptions during the post-shield alkalic
stage. Without the shallow magma chamber to rest in, only large
batches of magma are able to make it to the surface, and they
have to make the trip from the source region to the surface quickly
to avoid solidifying along the way. This means that their xenoliths
and large crystals don't have a chance to settle out, nor does
gas have a chance to escape. The consequences of all this are
that post-shield alkalic stage eruptions usually consist of large
volumes of cooler, gas-rich, xenolith-rich lava, but they are
infrequent. The greater gas content means higher fountains and
consequently larger cinder cones such as
on Mauna Kea. Alkalic
lava theoretically has a lower viscosity due to its lower silica
contents. However, because during this stage the lavas also tend
to be cooler, the viscosity increase due to this lower temperature
usually outweighs the viscosity decrease due to the lower silica.
Post-shield alkalic activity tends to be more concentrated at
the summits than during the main shield activity. This combination
of lots of big cinder cones and lots of thicker viscous flows
all concentrated near the summits causes Hawaiian volcanoes in
this alkalic stage to be noticeably steeper
and bumpier than in
the tholeiite stage. Mauna Kea and Hualalai are in this stage
of development. Hualalai last erupted in 1800 and 1801, and Mauna
Kea about 3600 years ago.
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